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De Zeven Provinciën-class cruiser
The ''De Zeven Provinciën'' class (also called ''Eendracht''-class) is a class of light cruisers. They were built by Rotterdamsche Droogdok Maatschappij (RDM) and Wilton-Fijenoord for the Royal Netherlands Navy. The name ''De Zeven Provinciën'' refers to the seven provinces which formed the Dutch Republic in 1581.
== Design ==
In the 1930s there was an increased awareness in the Netherlands about the threat which the Imperial Japanese Navy posed to the Dutch East Indies. To face this, the ''Koninklijke Marine'' embarked on a major naval expansion program in 1932, which included building two new light cruisers as replacements for the aging s. The design was an improvement of the earlier and both ships were laid down in 1939. The first was named ''Kijkduin'', later changed to ''Eendracht'', and the second one received the name ''De Zeven Provinciën'', hence the name of the class.
However, construction was interrupted by the Nazi invasion of the Netherlands on 10 May 1940. The Germans continued work on ''De Zeven Provinciën'' which was more advanced than its twin; it was renamed ''KH2'' and modified by fitting an ''Atlantik Bow''. Work progressed very slowly as the dockyards' capacity was used for other purposes and sabotage by the Dutch resistance affected progress. On 24 December 1944, ''KH2'' was launched for use as a blockship in the Nieuwe Waterweg of Rotterdam but this action was never carried out.
After the end of World War II, construction resumed on both ships to a modified design which incorporated the lessons of the war. Armament was modified from two triple and two twin Bofors 152/53 mm guns, six twin 40 mm AA and two triple 533 mm torpedo tubes to four twin Bofors 152/53 mm guns, four twin Bofors 57/60 mm guns and eight single Bofors 40/70 mm guns. An improved propulsion plant was fitted as well as a second funnel and advanced electronics. Names were also changed with ''Eendracht'' becoming ''De Zeven Provinciën'' and the former ''De Zeven Provinciën'' being renamed ''De Ruyter''. Both ships were finally commissioned by the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1953.
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